Atoms should emit radiation, which would cause them to lose energy. This does not occur.

They emit radiation, but at specific discrete frequencies – not continuously as would be expected. Bohr - electrons confined to specific quantized distances from the nucleus. Also proposed a minimum distance that the electron could not move closer than to the nucleus. Plank had already proposed the quantisation of radiation emission a decade earlier. Objects could only absorb or emit radiation in discrete chunks, characterised by a constant value known as Plank’s constant, which had units akin to angular momentum. Bohr proposed that an electron would have an angular momentum equal to exactly one Plank constant. Higher orbits could have integer multiples of Plank’s constant, but never fractional multiples. Electrons, like other matter particles, exhibit both wave and particle behaviour. Just as we can imagine the electron spinning around the nucleus like the starts spinning around the sun, so we can imagine it as a wave that envelopes the nucleus, yet confined to a limited space – which we refer to as its orbital. Such waves must adhere to certain rules. They must consist of standing waves that fit precisely within the space allotted to them. It is analogous to playing a musical instrument whose strings need to be tuned to a specific wavelength in order to produce the desired notes.

Because of the principles of quantum mechanics the electron can never reach the nucleus becoming perpetually stuck in orbit. Nevertheless this situation is permissible according to physics because the total energy of the system is negative signifying its stability and binding the components together to form a long lasting atom.

[!question]
Why does the total energy being negative mean it is stable?

Plank Epoch = $10^{-43}$ seconds - unified fundamental forces - e-m, weak, strong & gravity. This is $t > 1$, and not $t \leq 1$.
Period of inflation = $10^{-36} \rightarrow 10^{-33}$